Gestational diabetes-definition, causes symptoms-treatment

 Gestational diabetes

Gestational means during a pregnancy and the diabetes means high blood sugar level then gestational diabetes is a condition in which the blood sugar level is increased more than  normal during pregnancy

Gestational diabetes occur not a single woman it happen in 7-9% world wide and the 10%  of pregnancy of United States are suffer from  gestational diabetes! In gestational diabetes the blood sugar level is raised during  pregnancy it means before pregnancy the mother is not diabetic and after the childbirth the mother is not diabetic but it affect the child health

Definition _the condition in which the blood sugar level is raised during pregnancy /antennal period is called the gestational diabetes

Risk factor

1history _If the mother have previous history of gestational diabetes then it cause more chances to mother get diabetes 

2/over weight_If the pregnant women is overweighted it can increasing the chance of diabetes during pregnancy

3/PCOD (polycystic ovarian syndrome) It is a ovarian disorder in which (poly) number of  cyst are present in the overy  it also a increased the chances of gestational diabetes 

4/Age _mother age after the age of 35years it increased the chance of diabetes in pregnancy 

5/health condition which is linked to the insulin 

6/high blood pressure ,high cholesterol level 

7/miscarriage 

8/hormonal imbalance 

Cause 

Everyone should know that the placenta support the baby and placenta help for growing the  baby but sometimes the hormone also block the action of insulin hormone and this cause a problem of  insulin resistance 

The insulin resistance work to hard mother body to make and use  insulin and then mother have need up for insulin in pregnancy 

in gestational diabetes the mother body not make a use a needed insulin during pregnancy then the glycogen can't leave the blood and this condition is called hyperglycemia (high blood sugar level in the blood)

Symptoms 

The gestational diabetes have main three symptoms 

1/polyphagia (Increased the hunger more than normal)

2/polydipsia(Increased the thirst more than normal)

3/polyuria(increased urination more than normal)

Other symptoms

1/fatigue

2/vertigo

3/fainting

4/delayed wound healing

Diagnosis

Blood screening test_ this blood test is done on the 20weeks of pregnancy in which found the mother is suffer from gestational diabetes or not 

The  normal  blood sugar level is 

FBS fasting blood sugar level _90-110mg/dl

RBS random blood sugar level _120-160mg/dl 

The traget blood sugar level for pregnant women 

1. Before meal _less than 95mg/dl

2/After I hour of meal -Less than 140mg/dl

3/After 2hours of meals -Less than 120mg/dl

Prevention

1/Take a vitamin d supplement during the pregnancy to prevent the chances of gestational diabetes

2/Do the physical activity

3 /Don not gain  excessive weight during pregnancy

4/ take a nutritional diet according to the dietitian

Complication of the gastational diabetes

1/Microsomia (large size of the fetal head)

2/Fetal distress during delivery time

3/Cesarean section

Treatment 

1/ Daily monitoring the blood sugar level

2/ In the  first line the doctor prescribed a  antidiabetic medication like  oral medication eg metformin twice a day 

3/Monitor fetal condition 

4/Make a diet plan though dietitian